It is necessary for Japan to continue its assistance, based on a deep understanding of the relationship between environmental and population problems, paying due consideration to its integration with development policy, especially in the areas of poverty alleviation and the improvement of the status of women, among other issues. It is strengthening its efforts in this field based on the report of a study group investigating assistance for population and development issues. As for bilateral cooperation, Japan has been providing support centering on project-type technical cooperation through the Japan International Cooperation Agency in such fields as family planning and maternal and child health. However, in developing countries particularly, the problem of the relationship between population and the environment is becoming more and more serious, and Japan has positively engaged itself in many fields of population-related assistance particularly through multilateral cooperation. The population problem affects the entire world, and it is important that this problem be dealt with through the cooperation of developed countries and developing countries. Meanwhile, the migration of populations from rural areas to cities, particularly among a large number of developed countries, even relatively advanced developing countries, threatens not only the foundations of regional societies, but also regional farming land and forest conservation. Also, there is more and more deforestation resulting from shifting cultivation, excessive felling of trees for fuel wood, and excessive grazing, leading to increasing levels of soil erosion and desertification. The world population, particularly that of developing countries, is continually increasing, and in Africa there is an increasing number of people in need of food. National Action Plan for Agenda 21 Chapter 5 DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS AND SUSTAINABILITY
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